Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Renewable feedstocks are inherently green and will
play an important role in future process technology
but will require a different infrastructure for their
collection and conversion for industrial use and
development of a much broader range of technolo-
gies and tools for their efficient conversion to mar-
ketplace products. Bioprocessing stands as the first
example of a successful wedding of renewable feed-
stocks and catalysis, and could spur the development
of a much wider array of non-biological processes for
biomass conversion. The industry is evolving and
green process technology will continue to play a key
role in this evolution.
16.
Trost, B. M.
Science
, 1991,
254
, 1471; Trost, B. M.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
, 1995,
34
, 259.
17.
Holderich, W. F., Roseler, J., Heitmann, G., &
Liebens, A. T.
Catal. Today
, 1997,
37
, 353.
18.
Rozzell, J. D.
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
, 1999,
7
, 2253.
19.
Blaser, H.-U., & Studer, M.
Appl. Catal. A
, 1999,
189
,
191.
20.
Malonowski, S., & Marczewski, M. In
Catalysis
(Bond, G. C., ed.), Vol. 8. RSC, Cambridge, 1989,
Chapt. 4.
21.
Weissermel, K., & Arpe, H.-J.
Industrial Organic
Chemistry
, 3rd edn. VCH, Weinheim, 1997, pp.
335-339.
22.
Clark, J. H., & Macquarrie, D. J.
Org. Process Res. Dev.
1997,
1
, 149; Vaccari, A.
Catal. Today
, 1998,
41
, 53;
Ono, Y., & Baba, T.
Catal. Today
, 1997,
38
, 321.
23.
Sheldon, R. A., & Dakka, J.
Catal. Today
, 1994,
19
,
215.
References
1.
Pereira, C. J.
Chem. Eng. Sci.
, 1999,
54
, 1959.
24.
Weissermel, K., & Arpe, H.-J.
Industrial Organic Chem-
istry
, 3rd edn. VCH, Weinheim, 1997, p. 251.
2.
Sheldon, R. A.
Green Chem.
, 2000,
2
, G1.
3.
Anastas, P. T., Bartlett, L. B., Kirchhoff, M. M., &
Williamson, T. C.
Catal. Today
, 2000,
55
, 11.
25.
Sato, H., Hirose, K., Kitamura, M., & Nakamura, Y.
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal.
, 1989,
49
, 1213.
4.
Weissermel, K., & Arpe, H.-J.
Industrial Organic Chem-
istry
, 3rd edn. VCH, Weinheim, 1997.
26.
Weissermel, K., & Arpe, H.-J.
Industrial Organic Chem-
istry
, 3rd edn. VCH, Weinheim, 1997, p. 241.
5.
Crowl, D. A.
Inherently Safer Processes: a Life Cycle
Approach.
Center for Chemical Process Safety, Amer-
ican Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York,
1996.
27.
Sheldon, R. A., & Downing, R. S.
Appl. Catal. A
, 1999,
189
, 163.
28.
Chauvel, A., Delmon, A., & Holderich, W. F.
Appl.
Catal. A
, 1994,
115
, 173.
6.
Lancaster, M.
Green Chem.
, 2000,
3
, G65.
29.
Notari, B.
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal.
, 1988,
37
, 413.
7.
(a) Sheldon, R. A.
Chemtech
, 1994,
24
(3), 38; (b) In
one of the more stinging indictments of organic syn-
thesis, Sheldon writes: 'In short, organic synthesis is
going through a rough patch. It has lost its direction
because it is no longer in touch with the needs of
industry, which are derived from those of society.
Organic synthesis has become a primarily intellectual
exercise, much like playing chess.'
30.
Holderich, W. F., & Heitmann, G.
Catal. Today
, 1997,
38
, 227.
31.
Bashkin, J., Rains, R., & Stern, M.
Green Chem.
, 1999,
1
, G41; Stern, M. K., Cheng, B. K., Hileman, F. D., &
Allman, J. M.
J. Org. Chem.
, 1994,
59
, 5627.
32.
Roth, J. F., Craddock, J. H., Hershman, A., & Paulik,
F. E .
Chemtech
, 1971,
1
(10), 600.
33.
Blaser, H.-U., Indolese, A., & Schnyder, A.
Curr. Sci.
,
2000,
78
, 1336.
8.
Gerngross, T. In
Chemicals and Materials from Renew-
able Resources
(Bozell, J. J., ed.), ACS Symposium
Series. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC,
2001, p. 10. Gerngross, T.U., & Slater, S.
Sci. Am
.,
2000,
Aug
., 36.
34.
Otake, M.
Chemtech
, 1995,
25
(9), 36.
35.
Forster, D.
Adv. Organomet. Chem.
, 1979,
17
, 255.
36.
Cornils, B., & Hermann, W. A.
Aqueous-Phase
Organometallic Catalysis—Concepts and Applications.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1998.
9.
Herrmann, W. A., & Cornils, B.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
,
1997,
36
, 1048.
37.
Weissermel, K., & Arpe, H.-J.
Industrial Organic Chem-
istry
, 3rd edn. VCH, Weinheim, 1997, p. 245.
10.
Armor, J. N.
Appl. Catal. A
, 1999,
189
, 153.
11.
Pletcher, D., & Walsh, F. C.
Industrial Electrochemistry
,
2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London, 1990, p. 298.
38.
Tolman, C. A.
J. Chem. Educ.
, 1986,
63
, 199.
39.
Knowles, W. S.
J. Chem. Educ.
, 1986,
63
, 222.
12.
Graedel, T.
Green Chem.
, 1999,
1
, G126.
40.
Bommarius, A. S., Schwarm, M., & Drauz, K.
J. Mol.
Catal. B
, 1998,
5
, 1.
13.
Yadav, G. D., & Krishnan, M. S.
Org. Process Res. Dev.
,
1998,
2
, 86; Turner, K.
Org. Proc. Res. Dev.
, 1998,
2
,
431; Yadav, G. D., & Krishnan, M. S.
Org. Process Res.
Dev.
, 1998,
2
, 432.
41.
Akutagawa, S.
Top. Catal.
, 1997,
4
, 271.
42.
Cornils, B.
J. Mol. Catal. A
, 1999,
143
, 1; Sheldon,
R. A.
J. Mol. Catal. A
, 1996,
107
, 75.
14.
Clift, R.
J. Chem. Tech. Biotech.
, 1997,
68
, 347.
43.
Cornils, B.
Org. Process Res. Dev.
, 1998,
2
, 121.
15.
Iwahama, T., Sakaguchi, S., & Ishii, Y.
Org. Process
Res. Dev.
, 2000,
4
, 94; Bianchi, D., Bortolo, R.,
D'Aloisio, R., & Ricci, M.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
, 1999,
38
, 706.
44.
Cornils, B., Herrmann, W. A., & Eckl, R. W.
J. Mol.
Catal. A
, 1997,
116
, 27.
45.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
, Vol.
A27. VCH, Weinheim, 1996, p. 478.
