Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.1 (cont.)
Total aboveground
biomass (Mg ha 1 )
Dead surface fuels
(Mg ha 1 )
Source a
Vegetation
Chile
Matorral
9-17
21
South Africa
Fynbos
4 yr
6-7
22
unburned
>
35 yr
43-76
22
unburned
10-34
23
unburned
6-35
24
Renosterveld
14
24
Australia
Heathland
5 yr
9-10
25
15 yr
18-19
25
Banksia heath
14
4
26
Banksia woodland
4yr
5
2
27
12-22 yr
7
2
27
Jarrah ( Eucalyptus ) forest
9-18 yr
22
28
Various Eucalyptus forest
types
10-70
29
Eucalyptus forest
228
37 ( þ bark)
30
Tropical grasslands
9-11
31
a (1) Dimitrakopoulos ( 2002 ); (2) Malanson & Trabaud ( 1988 ); (3) Trabaud ( 1991 );
(4) Sag˘ lam et al. ( 2008 ); (5) Baeza et al. ( 2006 ); (6) de Luı´ s et al. ( 2004 ); (7) Viegas et al.
( 2002 ); (8) Moreno et al. ( 2004 ); (9) Caturla et al. ( 2000 ); (10) Iba´ n˜ ez et al. ( 1999 ); (11)
Westman et al. ( 1981 ); (12) Russell & Tompkins ( 2005 ); (13) Rundel & Parsons ( 1979 );
(14) Riggan & Dunn ( 1982 ); (15) Schlesinger et al. ( 1982 ); (16) Gray ( 1982 ); (17) Riggan
et al. ( 1988 ); (18) McNaughton ( 1968 ); (19) Keifer et al. ( 2006 ); (20) Knapp et al. ( 2005 );
(21) Mooney et al. ( 1977 ); (22) van Wilgen ( 1982 ); (23) van Wilgen et al. ( 1985 ); (24) Stock
& Allsopp ( 1992 ); (25) Bell et al. ( 1984 ); (26) Low & Lamont ( 1990 ); (27) Burrows &
McCaw ( 1990 ); (28) Smith et al. ( 2004 ); (29) Good ( 1996 ); (30) Walker ( 1981 ); (31)
Long et al. ( 1989 ).
accumulate on the soil surface. In crown fire shrublands, dead biomass retained in
the canopy is a readily available fuel but the availability of living foliage varies
seasonally and with stand age and ratio of dead to live fuels in the canopy.
In MTC regions, fuels ( Table 2.1 ) are lowest in grasslands and other herb-
aceous-dominated vegetation, with the lowest
fuel
loads typically around
5Mgha 1
metric tons ha 1 ). Lower-stature shrublands such as Mediterra-
nean phrygana, California sage scrub, South African fynbos and Australian
heathlands, are several times higher than these grasslands, and
dense shrublands such as garrigue, chaparral and matorral weigh in between
(
¼
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