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FB length
0.28
r 2 = 0.68
Fire size
-0.29
Fuel
treatment
stopped
fire
0.21
FB condition
-0.29
0.33
0.63
Vegetation age
Access
-0.47
Chi-square = 0.82
Df = 3
P -value = 0.85
Fig. 13.3 Structural equation model of factors that directly and indirectly explain why fires
stopped at fuel breaks (FB) in the Los Padres National Forest, California, USA. Solid arrows
represent direct effects and dashed arrows represent indirect effects. Coefficients shown
along arrows are standardized values. Circles represent endogenous (or dependent) variables
in the model. (From A.D. Syphard, J.E. Keeley & T.J. Brennan unpublished.)
Cost ($)
Total cost = C + NVC
Management costs
Net value change
E*
Fire management effort (E)
Fig. 13.4 Model of how management costs (C) and net value change (NVC) vary in response to
fire management effort in fuel treatments. (From Rideout et al. 1999 .)
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