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Fig. 10.2 Axelrod's (1982) inferred seasonal precipitation for late Miocene (7 Ma) southern
California. Paleoprecipitation (dashed bars) was estimated to have been 650 mm annually and
present precipitation (solid bars) is 500 mm).
(a)
(b)
Fig. 10.3 Aesculus californica, a Miocene-derived taxon exhibiting traits clearly evolved in response
to the MTC. (a) The summer deciduous habit, (b) fleshy stems that store carbohydrates for later
transport to developing fruits during the leafless summer period, and the silvery stems that increase
albedo are all interpreted as adaptations to the summer drought environment. (Photos by Jon Keeley.)
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