Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Burgees and co-workers [76] isolated 650 marine epibiotic bacteria of which the four
most active were incorporated into an anti-fouling coating. One paint containing
an extract of
Pseudomonas sp.
, strain NUDMB50-11, showed excellent activity
against the fouling bacteria tested, barnacle larvae
B. amphitrite
and the algal spores
of
Ulva lactuca
. A few of the metabolites isolated from this strain were structurally
characterised by the authors (
Figure 2.17
).
There is very little information on the anti-fouling activities of diatoms. Adolph and
co-workers [77] showed that decanal, produced by the diatom
Thalassiosira rotula
,
reduced the growth of the bacterial strains,
Vibrio splendidus
and
Bacillus megaterium.
Aldehydes synthesised by diatoms cause physiological disorder during egg
development, hatching and morphogenesis in copepods, sea urchin and oyster larvae
[75]. Examples of the organic compounds isolated, characterised and tested from
bacteria are listed in
Table 2.6
.
Table 2.6 Metabolites isolated from bacteria exhibiting anti-fouling
properties
Bacteria
Metabolites
Action
Pseudomonas sp
.
Phenazinecarboxylic acid
Inhibits microbial fouling, adhesion of
algal spores and barnacles
Hydroxyphenazine
Heptyl-quinolone
Nonylquinolone
Pyolipic acid
Alteromonassp
.
Ubiquinone
Inhibits attachment of the barnacle,
B. amphitrite
Pseudomonas citrea
and
Pseudomonasulvae
−
Inhibits settlement and attachment of
invertebrates,
Hydrophis elegans
and
B. amphitrite
Pseudoalteromonas
tunicate
Heat sensitive
waterborne protein
Inhibits settlement of
U. lactuca
Alteromonas sp
.
2-
N
-pentyl-4-quinolinol
Inhibits growth of the algae -
Thalassiosira weisslogii
and
Chaetoceros simplex
and the diatom -
Cylindrotheca fusiformis
Acinetobacter sp
.
6-Bromoindole-3-
carbaldehyde
Inhibits attachment of
B. amphitrite