Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(A)
(B)
Figure 2.7 Barnacles attached to a (A) an LDPE surface (arrow indicates the base
plate (calcium carbonate) of a dislodged barnacle) and (B) a PC surface visible
after scraping the bioilm
Bryozoa are a phylum of aquatic invertebrates ( Figure 2.8 ). There are 4,000 living
species of these and they predominantly live in a colony. Table 2.1 shows some of the
species involved in fouling of surfaces, as recorded in 1952 in the document Marine
Fouling and Prevention by the US Naval Institute [39].
Figure 2.8 Bryozoans attached to a polymer surface
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