Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
members of the EAS are Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan,
Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
and Vietnam.
Industrial Waste Information Exchange Program (IWIEP)
is the programme, which
links the information from the supplier and the user of industrial waste, in order
to enhance utilisation of industrial waste. In Japan, the Oita Prefecture started
IWIEP in 1976, followed by a number of local governments in Japan. In Japan, the
Japanese Industrial Standard speciies the standard of industrial activities including a
standard for recycled products, testing methods and labeling of information. Similar
programmes have been conducted in the Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan [43, 44].
5.4.2.3.1 East Africa Region
The existing policies and laws regulating general waste management including that of
plastic wastes appears to be either adequate or partially adequate in all participating
Western Indian Ocean (WIO) countries. However, enforcement is generally lacking
because competing priorities make it dificult to apprehend illegal dumpers on land
or at sea, and the penalties imposed may be inadequate to deter offenders.
Western Indian Ocean countries that are signatories to various instruments under
MARPOL Annex-V accept the obligation to ensure that ships lying their lag do not
discharge such wastes into the sea, with a condition that the ships from other parties
(Countries) who are signatories to MARPOL Annex-V also do not pollute the sea with
similar types of waste. WIO countries can prosecute the offenders if such pollution
occurs within their territorial waters.
South Africa has designated 'Southern South African waters' as a Special Area under
MARPOL Annex I. Besides catering for rapidly increasing shipping volumes, the
ports speciically have to cater for this new declaration and for the vessels from the
Antarctic Sea Special Area, where no garbage, among other things can be discharged
anywhere south of 60º S [45].
5.4.2.3.2 G9 Group of Countries
The level of environmental impact associated with plastic waste in the G9 group
of countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania,
Sweden and Yugoslavia) of the EU is anticipated to increase over the period to 2015
because of the continued growth in plastic waste production. Plastic waste cuts across
a large number of policy ields and regulations are not usually targeted speciically
