Cyclic Polyynes: Generation, Characterization, and Reactions - Polyynes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications - page 119

[8] (a) de Meijere, A.; Kozhushkov, S.I. Macrocyclic structurally homoconju-
gated oligoacetylenes: acetylene- and diacetylene-expanded cycloalkanes and
rotanes. Top. Curr. Chem. 1999, 201, 1-42. (b) de Meijere, A.; Kozhushkov,
S.I. Competely spirocyclopropanated macrocyclic oligodiacetylenes and their
permethylated analogues: preparation and properties. Chem. Eur. J. 2002,
8(14), 3195-3202.
[9] (a) Tobe, Y.; Iwasa, N.; Umeda, R.; Sonoda, M. Vinylidene to alkyne rear-
rangement to form polyynes: synthesis and photolysis of dialkynylmethylene-
bicyclo[4.3.1]deca-1,3,5-triene derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42(31),
5485-5488. (b) Tobe, Y.; Umeda, R.; Iwasa, N.; Sonoda, M. Expanded
radialenes with bicyclo[4.3.1]decatriene units: new precursors to cyclo[n]car-
bons. Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9(22), 5549-5559.
[10] Douglas, A.E. Nature (London) 1977, 269, 130-131.
[11] Kroto H.W.; Heath, J.R.; O'Brien, S.C.; Curl, R.F.; Smalley, R.E. Nature
(London) 1985, 318, 162-163.
[12] Kra¨ tschmer, W.; Fostiropoulos, K.; Huffmann, D. Nature (London) 1990, 347,
354-358.
[13] Iijima, S. Nature (London) 1991, 354, 56-58.
[14] Pitzer, K.S.; Clementi, E. Large molecules in carbon vapor. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1959, 81(17), 4477-4485.
[15] Hoffman, R. Tetrahedron 1966, 22(2), 521-538.
[16] (a) Raghavachari, K.; Binkley, J.S. Structure, stability, and fragmentation of
small carbon clusters. J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87(4), 2191-2197. (b) Raghava-
chari, K. Theoretical studies on carbon and silicon clusters: comparison of the
structures and stabilities of neutral and ionic forms. Z. Phys. D 1989, 12,
61-64.
[17] Yang, S.; Taylor, K.J.; Craycraft, M.J.; Conceicao, J.; Pettiette, C.L.;
Cheshnovski, O.; Smalley, R.E. UPS of 2-30-atom carbon clusters: chains
and rings. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1988, 144(5,6), 431-436.
[18] von Helden, G.; Hsu, M.T.; Gott, N.G.; Kemper, P.R.; Bowers, M.T. Do
small fullerenes exist only on the computer? Experimental results on C 20 þ /
and C 24 þ / . Chem. Phys. Lett. 1993, 204(1-2), 15-22.
[19] von Helden, G.; Hsu, M.T.; Gott, N.G.; Bowers, M.T. Carbon cluster cations
with up to 84 atoms: structures, formation mechanism, and reactivity. J. Phys.
Chem. 1993, 97(31), 8182-8192.
[20] von Helden, G.; Hsu, M.T.; Kemper, P.R.; Bowers, M.T. Structures of carbon
cluster ions from 3 to 60 atoms: linear to rings to fullerenes. J. Chem. Phys.
1991, 95(5), 3835-3837.
[21] Hunter, J.; Fye, J.; Jarrold, M.F. Annealing C 60 þ : synthesis of fullerenes and
large carbon rings. Science 1993, 260, 784-786.

[22] (a) von Helden, G.; Gotts, N.G.; Bowers, M.T. Experimental evidence for the

formation of fullerenes by collisional heating of carbon rings in the gas phase.
Nature (London) 1993, 363, 60-63. (b) Hunter, J.; Fye, J.; Jarrold, M.F.
Carbon rings. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97(14), 3460-3462. (c) Hunter, J.; Fye, J.;
Jarrold, M.F. Annealing and dissociation of carbon rings. J. Chem. Phys.
1993, 99(3), 1785-1795. (d) Hunter, J.; Fye, J.; Roskamp, E.J.; Jarrold, M.F.
Annealing carbon cluster ions: a mechanism for fullerene synthesis. J. Phys.
Chem. 1994, 98(7), 1810-1818.