Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Cloud Environment 2
Cloud Environment 1
4
Migration
Service 5
Service 1
Service 5
Service 7
Connectivity/
Semantics
2
Service 3
1
Service 6
Connectivity/
Semantics
Service 2
Service 4
3
Software programs
Figure 12.6 Categories of interoperability in cloud computing environments
price, technical features, and/or community support. Service migration also occurs
when an internal service in a private cloud receives a significant increase in demand
and needs to move to a public cloud with greater capacity, a phenomenon called
“cloudbursting”. The mechanisms that enhance portability of cloud-based services
are now an active research area.
Compared to interoperability inside a single cloud environment, the interop-
erability issue across cloud environments is more challenging because different
standards, connection mechanisms and settings may be used in separate cloud
platforms and environments. Various organizations are attempting to develop
standards that govern the format and implied functionality of cloud-based services.
For example, the workgroup Open Cloud Standards Incubator launched by the
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) develops specifications that deliver
architectural semantics and implementation details to achieve interoperable cloud
environments between private, public, and hybrid clouds. The Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) and its cloud-specific
technical committees have developed standards for security, policy management,
modeling, and formatting of cloud computing and web services. The Storage
Networking Industry Association (SNIA) has created the Cloud Data Management
Interface (CDMI) specification for cloud-based storage services. Other organiza-
tions, such as the Open Cloud Consortium (OCC), Object Management Group
(OMG), and TM Forum, have investigated the interoperability issues in cloud
environments and developed different standards and guidelines. However, having
too many standards is not much better than having none. There is a strong need for
a set of common, unified standards for cloud computing interoperability - as
revealed in the IDC survey, promoting standard systems is the fourth top perceived
benefits of the cloud model (Figure 12.3).
12.5.3 Searching for the right services
With the outsourcing of IT infrastructures in the cloud computing model, the role
of IT may shift from “Plan-Build-Run” functions to a focus on
“Source-Integrate-Manage” (Rhoton, 2010). It can be foreseen that the numbers
of cloud-based services and service providers will grow rapidly as the development
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