Civil Engineering Reference
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Figure 6.36 Deployment of laser transmitters around the maze
In all the aforementioned experiments using the three different technologies, the
results obtained demonstrated that tracking a mobile user's three dimensional
orientation in addition to the position is an effective way of increasing precision in
the interpretation of the user's fully qualified spatial context.
6.4.4 Indoor tracking systems comparative summary
The discussion in the previous sections highlighted the potential applicability of
positioning technologies, mainly WLAN, UWB and Indoor GPS, for positioning in
indoor environments. To demonstrate their feasibility for position tracking and
compare their technical characteristics, experiments were conducted in several
indoor environments. While these technologies share some common traits, they
also have some significant differences based on an analysis of their technological
aspects (e.g. line of sight requirement), as well as implementation details (cali-
bration, equipment deployment, cost, etc.). The major differences are summarized
in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1 Comparative summary of indoor positioning technologies
Line of Sight
Position
Uncertainty
Range
Calibration
Deployment
and Cost
Indoor
GPS
Needed
(receiver-
transmitter)
Very Low
(1-2 cm)
60m
Needed (few
sampling
points)
Quite Easy
but Very
Expensive
UWB
Needed
(receiver-
reference tag)
Low (10-50 cm)
10m
Not needed
Quite Easy but
Expensive
WLAN
(Ekahau)
Not needed
Medium
(1.5-2 meters)
10-100m
Needed (time-
consuming)
Easy and
Economical
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