Artifacts in Transmission Electron Microscopy - Sample Preparation Topic for Transmission Electron Microscopy - page 126

Table 6.1 Table summarizing the various artifacts formed by the preparation techniques or during TEM observation

Mechanical
preparation-induced artifacts

Ionic preparation-induced
artifacts

Chemical preparation-induced
artifacts

Physical preparation-induced
artifacts

Artifacts induced during
observation

Deformation
Material displacement
Material tearing
Cracks
Fractures
Inclusion of abrasive grains
Dislocations
Glide planes
Twinning
Strain hardening
Selective abrasion
Particle aggregation
Roughness
Structural change
Microstructure change
Crystal-network change
Composition change
Residues

Redeposition
Implantation
Vacancies
Dislocation loops
Cavities
Fractures
Roughness
Selective abrasion
Structural change
Microstructure change

Material displacement
Selective dissolution
Composition change
Structural change
Microstructure change
Change of molecular bonds
Change of natural contrast
Protein reticulation
Residues

Deformation
Microstructure change
Segregation of liquid phases

Dehydration
Charge effects
Destruction
Contamination

Secondary thermal damage
Fusion
Phase transformation
Loss of chemical elements
Amorphization

Fusion
Phase transformation
Loss of chemical elements
Amorphization
Demixing

Microstructure change
Changes in distribution in the
phases

Deformation
Particle aggregation
Fusion
Phase transformation
Frost

Demixing
Amorphization
Phase transformation
Loss of chemical elements
Migration
Fusion