Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Renewables Contribution to Electricity Production, 2002-2010
90
80
70
2002
2010
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Austria
Sweden
Finland
Portugal
Denmark
Italy
Spain
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Netherlands
Czech
Republic
United
Kingdom
Poland
Belgium
Hungary
Figure 1.11
RE contribution to European electricity production. (Source: Oxford Intelligence)
Table 1.2
Contribution of renewables to electricity generation (1995-2020). (Source: Eurostat http://
epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int )
1995 Eurostat
2000 Eurostat
2010 Projections
2020 Projections
Wind (TWh)
4
22.4
168
444
Photovoltaics (TWh)
0.03
0.1
3.6
42
Biomass (TWh)
22.5
39.2
141
282
Hydro (TWh)
290
322
355
384
Geothermal (TWh)
3.5
4.8
7.0
14
Total RES in EU 15
320
388
675
1166
Total electricity
a
(TWh)
2308
2574
3027
3450
Share of RES (%)
13.9
15.1
22.3
33.8
a
EU trends to 2030.
1.4 The Electrical Power System
1.4.1 Structure of the Electrical Power System
Electricity is widely used because it is a supremely fl exible form of energy. It can be readily
and effi ciently transported and is easily converted to other forms of energy. Mechanical
energy can be provided by very effi cient motors, light energy by increasingly effi cient light
