Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Cost as % of fossil fuel option
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Electricity from gas with CCS
Electricity from coal with CCS
Nuclear power
Electricity from energy crops
Electricity from organic wastes
Onshore wind
Offshore wind
Solar thermal (v. sunny regions)
PV (sunny regions)
dCHP using H from NG or coal with CCS
Hydrogen from NG or coal (CCS) - industry
Hydrogen from NG or coal (CCS) - distributed
Electrolytic hydrogen - industry
Electrolytic hydrogen - distributed
Biomass for heat - distributed
Bioethanol
Biodiesel
Hydrogen ICE vehicle - fossil H (+CCS)
FC Hydrogen vehicle - fossil H (+CCS)
FC Hydrogen vehicle - electrolytic H
Cost in 2015
Cost in 2025
Cost in 2050
Figure 1.5
Unit costs of energy from low carbon technologies: CCS stands for carbon capture and
storage, dCHP stands for distributed combined heat and power. (Reproduced from Stern review website,
copyright Cambridge University Press)
Contributions to carbon abatement 2025
Contributions to carbon abatement, 2050
1. Efficiency
8
2. CCS
3. Nuclear
4. Biofuels
5. dCHP
6. Solar
7. Wind
8. Hydro
8
1. Efficiency
2. CCS
3. Nuclear
4. Biofuels
5. dCHP
6. Solar
7. Wind
8. Hydro
7
7
1
1
5
6
6
4
5
2
3
4
2
3
Abatement 11 GtCO2
Abatement 43 GtCO2
Figure 1.6
The distribution of emission savings by technology. (Reproduced from Stern Report,
copyright Cambridge University Press)
rise year on year. Energy effi ciency must be the linchpin of any future energy strategy because
[7] :
•
Using energy as effi ciently as possible is the most cost effective way to manage energy
demand, and thus to address carbon emissions. Saving energy is cheaper than making it.
