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extent to which low magnitude but long term frequency excursions can be tolerated, and on
the amount of slower-acting back-up generation available, but it could be of the order of the
total amount of dynamically controlled loads connected.
The potential demand that could be operated under dynamic control is considerable. Deep-
freeze units, industrial and commercial refrigeration, air conditioning as well as water heating
systems could provide DDC. In principle, the potential available in a developed country
would be several GW. The future will tell whether this potentially useful, but not essential,
companion to variable renewable energy sources will attract the attention it deserves.
References
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