Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
5 Digestion and Absorption
of Carbohydrates
Roberto Quezada-Calvillo and Buford L. Nichols
contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................... 70
Background .............................................................................................................. 70
Carbohydrates in Food ........................................................................................ 70
History of Major Food Carbohydrates ................................................................ 71
Diseases Associated with Food Carbohydrate Metabolism ................................ 72
Intestinal Brush Border Glucosidases and Their Substrates .................................... 73
Lactose/Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase.................................................................. 73
Starch, Maltosaccharides, and Maltose/Maltase-Glucoamylase and
Sucrase-Isomaltase.............................................................................................. 73
Sucrose and Isomaltose/Sucrase-Isomaltase ....................................................... 76
Trehalose/Trehalase............................................................................................. 76
Primary Routes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Mammals .................................... 77
Glucose Metabolism............................................................................................ 77
Fructose Metabolism........................................................................................... 78
Galactose Metabolism......................................................................................... 78
Regulation of Enzyme and Transport Protein Synthesis and Processing ................ 79
Amylase............................................................................................................... 79
Lactase-Phlorizinase ........................................................................................... 79
Sucrase-Isomaltase.............................................................................................. 80
Maltase-Glucoamylase........................................................................................ 81
Monosaccharide Transporters ............................................................................. 81
Conclusions and Study Topics ................................................................................. 82
References................................................................................................................ 82
69
 
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