Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
21
Animal Science and
Production Technology
G. Eric Bradford, Wilson G. Pond,
and Kevin R. Pond
contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................. 336
Introduction............................................................................................................ 336
Food Animals, their Products, and Sustainable Agroecology................................ 337
Animal Source Foods in the Twenty-First Century........................................... 337
Actions Needed to Maintain and Protect a Stable Global Environment ........... 338
Importance of Animal Disease Control............................................................. 338
Recent Improvements in Biological and Economic Efficiency of Food
Animals ............................................................................................................. 338
Milk .............................................................................................................. 339
Meat and Fish ............................................................................................... 339
Other Domestic Animals for Food, Fiber, and Hides........................................ 340
Small Animals and Birds.............................................................................. 340
Aquatic Animals ........................................................................................... 340
Large Animals and Birds .............................................................................. 340
Vertical Integration of Animal Production Systems............................................... 341
Land Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Milk and Meat Production.... 341
Dairy Cattle .................................................................................................. 341
Beef Cattle.................................................................................................... 342
Two Faces of Animal Agriculture ..................................................................... 343
Present and Future Animal Agriculture in Developing Countries..................... 343
Ramifications of Integrated Livestock Production Systems..............................344
Advantages ...................................................................................................344
Disadvantages............................................................................................... 345
Plant-Animal Ecosystems ..................................................................................... 346
Feed Resources.................................................................................................. 346
Surpluses of Cereal Grains and Other Food Crops ...................................... 347
By-Products of Cereal Grain and Oilseed Processing.................................. 347
Substandard Human Food Products ............................................................. 347
Crop Residues .............................................................................................. 347
Animal By-Products ..................................................................................... 348
Grazing Public Rangelands and Pastures .......................................................... 348
Grazing on Ranches in Arid Areas ............................................................... 348
Grazing on Improved Pastures in Higher-Rainfall Areas ............................. 348
335
