Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
tAble 18.6
Per capita food supply in the world and the u. s.
Parameter
world
usA
1980
2000
1980
2000
Energy (cal d -1 )
2535
2805
3166
3772
Protein (g d -1 )
66.9
75.6
97.9
114.0
Fat (g d -1 )
59.4
75.2
127.5
151.3
Source: Adapted from Pritchard and Amthar, 2005.
poor countries where the growth rate of the population is high (Rosegrant and
Cline 2003). Consequently, the required average yield of cereals in developing
countries must be increased by 35 and 58% by 2025 and 2050, respectively,
to maintain the same dietary intake. With possible change in dietary habits of
people in rapidly developing economies (e.g., China, India), increase in crop/
cereal yield must be 63% by 2025 and 121% by 2050 (Table 18.7). The des-
perateness of bringing about a quantum jump in agricultural production may
exacerbate elemental imbalance, soil compaction, secondary salinization, and
accelerated erosion.
3. The problem of soil degradation may also be accentuated by the projected
climate change. Increase in soil temperature, decrease in SOC pool because
of cultivation and increase in rate of mineralization, increase in losses by
tAble 18.7
Present and expected Average yield of cereals to meet the future
food needs in developing countries a
Parameter
cereal grain yield
(t/ha)
total production
(mt/yr)
Present - 2000
2.34
1267
Required 2025
+35% b
3.60
1706
+63% b
4.40
2045
2050
+58% b
4.30
1995
+121% b
6.00
2786
a Africa, Asia, South America (excluding Japan)
b Estimated increase above 2000 level to account for increase in population and possible
change in food habits.
Source: Adapted from Wild, 2003.
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