Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
tAble 17.1
biosphere Productivity: biomass Production for human use and consumption, not Including that not
harvested or utilized
mean net Primary
Production (gram dry
c/m 2 /year)
world Primary
Production (billion
tonnes/year)
minimum
Replacement
Rate (years)
Area (million
kmĀ²)
mean biomass
(kg dry c/m 2 )
world biomass
(billion tonnes)
biome ecosystem type
Tropical rain forest
17.0
2200
37.40
45.00
765.00
20.50
Tropical monsoon forest
7.5
1600
12.00
35.00
262.50
21.88
Temperate evergreen forest
5.0
1320
6.60
35.00
175.00
26.52
Temperate deciduous forest
7.0
1200
8.40
30.00
210.00
25.00
Boreal forest
12.0
800
9.60
20.00
240.00
25.00
Mediterranean open forest
2.8
750
2.10
18.00
50.40
24.00
Desert and semidesert scrub
18.0
90
1.62
0.70
12.60
7.78
Extreme desert, rock, sand,
or ice sheets
24.0
3
0.07
0.02
0.48
6.67
Cultivated land 14.0 650 9.10 1.00 14.00 1.54
Swamp and marsh 2.0 2000 4.00 15.00 30.00 7.50
Lakes and streams 2.0 250 0.50 0.02 0.04 0.08
Total continental 149.00 774.51 115.40 12.57 1873.42 16.23
Open ocean 332.00 125.00 41.50 0.003 1.00 0.02
Upwelling zones 0.40 500.00 0.20 0.020 0.01 0.04
Continental shelf 26.60 360.00 9.58 0.010 0.27 0.03
Algal beds and reefs 0.60 2500.00 1.50 2.000 1.20 0.80
Estuaries and mangroves 1.40 1500.00 2.10 1.000 1.40 0.67
Total marine 361.00 152.01 54.88 0.01 3.87 0.07
Grand total 510.00 333.87 170.28 3.68 1877.29 11.02
Source: Whittaker, R.H. and Likens, G.E. 1975. In H. Leith and R.H. Whittaker, Primary Productivity of the Biosphere . Ecological Studies, Vol. 14 (Berlin). Berlin:
Springer-Verlag, pp. 305-328. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass.
 
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