Lipids - Adequate Food for All - page 94

e s t i m a t e D a D e q u a t e i n t a k e
total fat
Estimated adequate intakes of fat have been established only for infants from birth
to 6 months (31 g/day) and from 6 months to 1 year (30 g/day).
essential fatty Acids
Estimated adequate intakes of linoleic acid range from 7 g/day for 1- to 3-year-old
children to 17 g/day for 14- to 30-year-old males.
Estimated adequate intakes of α-linolenic acid range from 0.7 g/day for 1- to
3-year-old children to 1.6 g/day for 14- to 30-year-old males.
Because ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids appear to evoke opposing biological activity in
certain physiological systems, both their absolute concentrations and relative propor-
tions in the diet require consideration.
conclusIons And study toPIcs
Food lipids are concentrated sources of energy and essential fatty acids (which can-
not be synthesized in body tissues). Diseases of dietary excess and deficiency of lip-
ids are addressed in Chapters 9 and 10, respectively. Topics deserving study include
the influence of economic status, culture, and political forces on the availability, use,
and misuse of lipid-containing foods.
note
1. To save space, most of the information on lipids was derived from reviews in the ref-
erences listed in the bibliography; see them for more detail. Specific citations are not
included in the text.
bIblIogRAPhy
Carpenter, K.J. 2003. A short history of nutritional science: part 1 (1785-1885). J. Nutr.
133:638-645.
Carpenter, K.J. 2003. A short history of nutritional science: part 2 (1885-1912). J. Nutr.
133:975-984.
Carpenter, K.J. 2003. A short history of nutritional science: part 3 (1912-1944). J. Nutr.
133:3023-3032.
Carpenter, K.J. 2003. A short history of nutritional science: part 4 (1945-1985). J. Nutr.
133:3331-3342.
Gropper, S.S., J.L. Smith, and J.L. Groff. 2005. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism .
Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Guerre-Millo, M. 2002. Adipose tissue hormones. J. Endocrinol. Invest . 25:855-861.
Jones, P.J.H. and A.A. Papamandjaris. 2006. Lipid: cellular metabolism. In Present Knowledge
in Nutrition, 9th ed., Vol. 1, Bowman, B.A. and R.M. Russell, Eds. Washington, DC:
International Life Sciences Institute, pp. 125-137.
Lichtenstein, A.H. and P.J.H. Jones. 2006. Lipids: absorption and transport. In Present
Knowledge in Nutrition , 9th ed., Vol. 1, Bowman, B.A. and R.M. Russell, Eds.
Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute, pp. 111-124.
McCollum, E.V. 1957. The History of Nutrition . Boston: Houghton Mifflin.