Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.
Physical and Procedural Confinement Measures Proposed
a
Distinct visual markers
Time shift in planting compared to food/feed crops nearby
Cultivation in remote areas
Fencing, restrictions to enter
Extended isolation distances (e.g., 1600/800 m for normal pollinating maize),
fallow zones, temporal shifts in planting (e.g., 21 days for maize), other plants
as pollen barriers, detasseling (maize), covering of inflorescence
Dedicated equipment, machinery, and processing facilities
Preliminary on-farm processing
Postrelease monitoring
SOPs
b
for
seeding, transplanting, side-maintenance, harvesting, seed cleaning
storage, drying, and processing of biomass
disposal of biomass, e.g., autoclaving, incineration, etc.
handling and cleaning of machinery, equipment, and containers
monitoring during growing seasons and postharvest land use
dealing with noncompliance with terms and conditions for confinement
SOPs
b
for records and reporting of all activities dealing with the cultivation
and transport to processing facility, documentation, and logs for seeds and
biomass
SOPs
b
for training of staff and workers to adequately handle the plant
material
Emergency response/contingency plans
Strict control of compliance to measures imposed - either by regulators or by
other independent institutions (third-party audits)
Test for GMO detection in raw agricultural commodity
a
Source:
BIO (2005), Burtin (2006), CFIA (2003, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2005), Sp ok
et al. (2004).
b
SOP: Indicates that Standard Operating Procedures are developed/required.
the remainders of biomass after the pharmaceutical component has
been separated for feed purposes instead of expensive incineration, also
referred to as “dual-use.”
46
46
B. Freese, Manufacturing Drugs and Chemicals in Crops: Biopharming Poses New
Threats to Consumers, Farmers, Food Companies and the Environment (2002) www.
foe.org/camps/comm/safefood/biopharm/BIOPHARM REPORT.pdf.
