Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
700
600
Threshold 0.5 %
Threshold 0.3 %
Threshold 0.1 %
500
400
300
200
100
0
0,5
1
2,5
5
Non-GM seed field size (ha)
Figure 2. Gross margin losses due to the most effective coexistence measures for
different thresholds and field sizes of non-GM neighboring fields in maize seed
production.
Source:
Menrad and Reitmeier, 2006.
coexistence between commercial GM fields and non-GM seed produc-
tion clusters, whereas current practices would be sufficient for ensuring
coexistence between GM and non-GM maize seed production plots for
a threshold of 0.5 percent adventitious presence.
3. Regional Costs of IP Systems for Bt Maize in Bavaria(Germany)
Coexistence costs do not only occur on single farms but have a regional
dimension as well. To quantify the effects of specific measures (in partic-
ular buffer zones) necessary to keep adventitious presence of GM mate-
rial under the defined thresholds, the costs of such measures for Bt maize
are quantified in the federal state of Bavaria (Germany), which is charac-
terized by small-scale farms and landscape patterns. Data sources of this
analysis are digitized maps and official data from the federal Ministry of
Agriculture that include information about field size, crop cultivation on
field, and user of field. The analysis has been done in two model regions
