Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.
Economic Effects of Coexistence Measures in Maize Crop
Production
Additional Measure
(Opportunity) Costs of Singular Measures
Clean the machines
a) single seed driller
b) harvest - combine
c) transport - trailer or truck
Costs of shared machinery:
38.38
56.84
1.48
GMA
1)
of GM maize
GMA
1)
of non-GM
Isolation distance
=
maize: 0
/ha
GMA
1)
of GM maize
>
GMA
1)
of non-GM
maize: 2.19
€
/ha
€
Time isolation
Change from very late to late (30
◦
days): 201
€
/ha
Change from late to mid-early (60
◦
days):
46
€
/ha
Discard width on the non-
GM-field - extra harvest
6 m wide discard width: 1.27-2.85
€
/ha
2)
12 m wide discard width: 2.55-5.70
€
/ha
2)
24 m wide discard width: 5.10-11.40
€
/ha
2)
Non-GM buffer zones around
the GM field - extra sowing
GMA
1)
of GM maize
=
GMA
1)
of non-GM
maize: 17.54-35.07
€
/ha
3)
GMA
1)
of GM maize
>
GMA
1)
of non-GM
maize: 60.54-78.07
€
/ha
3)
1)
GMA
Gross margin
2)
The first figure refers to a neighboring non-GM field of 5 ha, and the second to a
non-GM field of 1 ha.
3)
The first figure refers to a 50 percent GM adoption rate in the region with clustered
fields, whereas the second figure refers to a 10 percent GM adoption rate with
dispersed fields.
Source:
Menrad and Reitmeier, 2006.
=
In this context the effects of non-GM buffer zones on the level of GM
adventitious presence in neighboring fields have been simulated for two
differing locations of GM fields:
GMfields are scattered among the non-GMfields (“dispersed fields”)
GM fields are concentrated on one part of the farm (“clustered
fields”)
