Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Across the 150 years of EM research and development, it has
not been realised till recently that the ML equations would yield
exacteigensolutionsforthemotionsoftheparticlesandphotonsfor
various configurations of charged particles and regions of varying
constitutive parameters. Much of our knowledge for 80 of those
years has also been filtered by the probabilistic mathematics of
quantum theories. It is only now that the self-fields of systems
of dynamic particles such as atoms, molecules and proteins can
be determined that the role of the photon is revealed in binding
these structures together via a new level of discrete dynamic
equilibria. In determining Planck's number is found the reason for
the mathematics of the assumed eigenstructure of quantumtheory.
For a given dynamics of the sub-atomic particles, there is a
corresponding relationship between the E and H fields and the
ambient energy density for a many-atom structure. We can see
this by examining the variables in Eqs. (1.1a-f). As temperature or
some other energy parameter such as pH drops, so too the self-field
configuration changes as the photons change state. This can result,
for instance, in a relaxation process with the emission of photons.
But this may not be a normal random thermodynamic process as
given by statistical thermodynamics. The molecular energy states
can cluster together rather than being dispersed over a bandwidth
of temperatures as with blackbody radiation. In the same way that
rubidium crystals act as sources of coherent photons, or lasers, so
tooDNAandotherbiologicalsystemscanproducecoherentphotons
controlling replication and other biological functions. This coherent
behaviourof DNA may wellbeshape-dependent.
Various researchers are investigating ultraweak photon emis-
sions by biological systems. Strands of DNA, bacteria and viruses
have been observed to spontaneously emit photons in the visible
part of the EM spectrum, in a range of intensities from 1 to 1,000
photons cm
−
2
sec
−
1
. These observations correspond qualitatively
to the theory discussed above; the scientific method requires the
measurements also match the theory quantitatively. These findings
also correspond to reports of cellular bioeffects due to so-called
non-thermal levels of EM radiation exposures, leading to concern
among the public and the scientific community. There has been a
flurry of research into cellular and other microbiological effects. At
