Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
and molecules at the speed of light where they now only have two
independent degrees of freedom; these form two extra quantum
numbers.
Onefundamentalmechanismofthishydrogenicphotonstructure
is a sudden dramatic change of state as energy transition levels are
transversed. This is related to cascades observed in reaction rates
associated with chemical kinetics of many physical and biological
processes. These cascades form an important role in the body's
methods of healing and repair, for instance, heat shock protein.
Intracellular heat shock proteins are being trialed for the treatment
ofseveraltypesofcancer,indicatingabeneficialtherapeuticrolefor
ultra-weak exposures.
4.5 Magneto- and Electrosensitivities in Birds and
Marine Species
Biological life forms, humans, birds, fish, insects, bacteria and other
systems, exist within an EM milieu, reacting at the cellular level to
endogenousEMsignals.Astoexogenousexposures,humansarenot
overtly sensitive to environmental E or B field levels, unlike many
birdsandmarinespeciesthathaveevolvedphysiologicalmethodsto
use biogenicand environmental fields for everyday purposes. In the
early proto-earth the atmosphere was warmer and more hydrated
than it is today; mammals, including humans, are thought to have
evolved from marine forms of life where the EM environment was
of larger magnitude because of the surrounding conductivity of
the marine milieu. Certain flying insects and birds are observably
magnetoreceptive,navigatingandorientingthemselvesaccordingto
the LGF (Keeton et al., 1974; Adey, 1981). In the absence of other
cues, bees orient their hives according to the LGF, showing acute
sensitivitytotemporalchangeassmallas1.5
×
10
−
10
Tmin
−
1
inthe
LGF.Migratoryandhomingabilitiesofbirdsmaydependonmultiple
cues, including visual landmarks, the position of the sun and other
cues; statistical evidence suggests a discriminatory behaviour with
respect to the LGF.
Magnetoreception is also observed in the marine and amphibian
environments. Certain single-celled bacteria and algae exhibit
