Biomedical Engineering Reference
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found that the variation of orbital speeds with radial distance away
from the galactic centre (GC) were fairly invariant unlike the solar
system, where orbital speeds diminish with radial distance. Zwicky
in 1932 extended this finding by studying galaxies within the Coma
Cluster measuring similar results. If gravitation were Newtonian,
the stars should fly apart; the Milky Way galaxy and its myriad
counterparts within the universe were thus now problematic in
terms of their gravitational structure. Over the intervening years
to the present, one hypothesis is that dark matter in the form
of massively compact halo objects, or weakly interacting massive
particles, amongst other ideas supplies the missing matter. Another
hypothesis is MOdified Newtonian dynamics that heuristically
changes Newton's constant of gravitation to match the observed
rotational speeds.
As we have seen SFT depicts Einstein's general relativity as the
first approximation to a series of forces that forms the gravitational
structures in the universe. This series is composed of spinorial
terms for the fields that begin with the electromagnetic (EM) field
having two interacting spinors and then the gluonic field having
threeinteractingspinors.Thegravitatingmassesalsohavespinorial
motions. At the general solar system level the masses have bi-
spinorial motions, while at the galactic level the masses have tri-
spinorial motions. Both the field particles and the mass particles
possess internal mass and energy. This system is fractal, existing
at different discrete levels or domains corresponding to biological
systems.
Recently a separate and associated line of inquiry was opened
up when cycles of biodiversity were found to exist within the fossil
record. Rohde and Muller in 2005 found cycles at 62 Ma. Medvedev
and Melott confirmed the cycles in 2007 and discussed them in
terms of the solar system's oscillatory motions orthogonal to the
GP. There are further reasons linked to the extinction of large,
structured mammals to support the finding of cycles of biodiversity
withinatri-rotationalsystemofdynamics,whichweshalldiscussin
section3.2.Galacticandsolarsystemresonancesofacoustic(A)and
EM energy correspond with the evidence, including cycles, within
the fossil record. The orbital speeds of galaxies also correspond
with the presence of the A fields that Hans Jenny demonstrated
