Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 14.1
Structure and characteristics of the South African hake industry (2006).
Sectors
Deep-sea trawl
In-shore trawl
Longlining
Handlining
Quota allocation (% of total
hake quota)
83
6
10
Actual TAC volume (metric
tons, 2006)
124 500
9 000
11 000
5 500 (max)
Number of rights holders
46
17
132
NA
Jobs sustained
8 938
1 480
1 495
NA
Jobs per 1000 tonnes of TAC
71
164
136
NA
Main export forms
Frozen, fresh
Frozen, fresh
Fresh
Little export
Size of operations
Large
Medium
Medium-small
Small
130
1
Fleet (number of vessels)
79
31
64
Proportion of TAC by
HDI-controlled companies
(%; 2006)
43
54
91
Low
Proportion of TAC by
HDI-controlled companies
(%; 2002)
25
50
90
NA
Source: www.feike.co.za.
1
Total allocated effort.
HDI, historically disadvantaged individuals.
14.3.1
Main features of the South African hake industry
Hake is the most important commercial fishery in South Africa, accounting for
40% of total value of fish and fishery product exports or US$143 million in 2003.
The hake fishery of South Africa is currently organised into four sectors: deep-
sea trawl, in-shore trawl, longlining and handlining (see main characteristics in
Table 14.1). Deep-sea trawl is by far the most important and is the focus of the
analysis in this chapter (Plate 14.1). Following the establishment of an Exclusive
Economic Zone in 1977, the hake industry has been regulated through the allocation
of an annual TAC quota and of individual (non-tradable) quotas assigned to fishing
companies. Foreign vessels have been excluded from the EEZ from 1983. The
deep-sea trawl hake TAC has fluctuated between 105 000 tonnes (in 1983) and
140 000 tonnes (in 1997). Established rights holders are organised in the South
African Deep-Sea Trawling Industry Association (SADSTIA). Newer and smaller
entrants in the industry have formed a separate organisation - the Association
of Small Hake Quota Industries. The regulatory agency in charge of fisheries is
Marine and Coastal Management (MCM), a branch of the South Africa Ministry
of Environmental Affairs and Tourism.
In order to understand what drove the deep-sea trawl hake industry to apply
for MSC certification in the early 2000s, it is first necessary to provide a historical
Search WWH ::
Custom Search