Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
Major clinical trials based on tissue-protective actions of cytokines
Cytokine
Indication
References
EPO
Stroke
(
55-58
) NCT00362414,
NCT00697164, NCT00478517,
NCT00938314 (with hCG),
NCT00362414 (with hCG)
EPO
Forearm I/R
NCT00691613
EPO
TBI
NCT00987454, NCT00260052,
NCT00260052, NCT00987454,
NCT00375869
EPO
AMI
NCT00390832 (with G-CSF),
NCT00449488, NCT00390832,
NCT00524901, NCT00648089
EPO
SAH
(
59
), NCT00140010, NCT00140010
EPO
ALS
(
60
)
CEPO
a
Stroke
NCT00756249, NCT00870844
HBP
b
(ARA290)
Limb ischemia
EudraCT-2010-018584-41
HBP (ARA290)
RA
EudraCT-2010-023469-22
HBP (ARA290)
Neuropathic pain
EudraCT-2010-021518-45
G-CSF
Liver failure
NCT01341951
G-CSF
(with Sitagliptin) AMI
NCT00650143
G-CSF
Coronary artery disease
NCT00886509
G-CSF
Stroke recovery
NCT00809549
G-CSF
AMI
NCT00394498
G-CSF
Parkinson's disease
NCT01227681
G-CSF
ALS
(
61
)
G-CSF + EPO
(+EPO) Liver disease
NCT01384565
G-CSF + EPO
Acute-on-chronic liver failure
NCT01383460
a
Carbamylated EPO
b
Helix B surface peptide derived from EPO (
62
)
Sources
: Pubmed;
www.clinicaltrials.gov
;
www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu
in vitro (
38, 39
). Studies with knockout mice also showed that
deficiency in some cytokines worsened injury in animal models of
diseases (Table
3
).
Cytokines can be classified in different families depending on
the receptors used, overall functions and 3D structure. Of the
cytokines we listed in Table
2
, most of them (EPO, G- and
GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, LIF, CT1, CNTF) belong to the
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