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but cerebral involvement is variable. The genetic background
of mice can affect the course of parasitemia and disease. The
selection of various virulent clones is regulated by the mouse
genetic background and the dynamic interplay between the
clones and their hosts. Marked differences were observed in
Amani's study (
20
) in susceptibilities to ECM between the
mouse strains, but the levels of parasitemia were similar in all the
strains. Among the strains, C57BL/6, 129Sv/eV, and CBA/Ca
were the most susceptible. It is also reported that the age of the
mouse inversed correlated with CM susceptibility (
24
).
6. To obtain significant data, 15 mice are included in each group
(60% of increase in recovery, type I error of 0.05, power
of 80%).
7. Epoietin alpha differ from epoietin beta in
in vivo:in vitro
bioactivity and in content in basic isoform. Epoietin beta
bioactivity is 20% higher than epoietin alpha. This may be
linked to epoietin beta isoform content more basic than epoi-
etin alpha, responsible for a longer half-life after intravenous
and subcutaneous administration (
25
).
8. Nonhematopoietic Epo derivatives are available (
26
) such as
asialoEpo and carbamylated Epo (CEPO) that maintain their
tissue-protective activities, but do not increase the concentra-
tion of erythrocytes (
27
). AsialoEpo was demonstrated to pro-
vide significant and equal neuroprotection as Epo when
administered 4 h prior to hypoxia-ischemia in 7-day-old rats
(
28
). CEPO is obtained by incubation of Epo with cyanate at
37°C. The injection of CEPO demonstrated no change from
baseline in erythropoietic parameters (
29
).
References
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In vivo
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2. World Health Organization (2010) Guidelines
for the treatment of malaria. Second edition,
Rev 1
3. Newton CR, Krishna S (1998) Severe
falci-
parum
malaria in children: current understand-
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4. Di Perri G, Di Perri IG, Monteiro GB et al
(1995) Pentoxifylline as a supportive agent in
the treatment of cerebral malaria in children.
J Infect Dis 171:1317-1322
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et al (1996) The effect of a monoclonal anti-
body to tumor necrosis factor on survival from
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6. Thuma PE, Mabeza GF, Biemba G et al (1998)
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293:90-95
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