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of experimental finding into clinical practice, However, in the past
30 years, it has become apparent that reperfusion may bring addi-
tional damage to a part of the viable myocardium via ROS;
inflammatory response to reperfusion following ischemia has been
identified as a major player in the so called “reperfusion injury”. In
large animals (dogs, minipigs) MI can be induced through balloon
occlusion of a coronary artery; this technique is similar to clinical
percutaneous angioplasty (PCI) and is not discussed here.
The most common small rodents used for this kind of experi-
ments are the mouse and the rat.
The instruments, reagents. and apparatuses used for the two
most widely used models of MI in small rodents, permanent isch-
emia and ischemia-reperfusion, are the same. Therefore, materials
are listed once with specifications when requested by differences
between the two models.
2
Materials
1. Operating table with safe aspiration of anesthetic gas.
2. Perspex chamber for induction of anesthesia, before tracheal
intubation.
3. Inhalation anesthesia: isoflurane, oxygen.
4. Vaporizer.
5. Ventilator for rodents.
6. 23-gauge intravenous cannula (for mouse intubation).
7. Drugs: ampicillin; polyvinylpyrrolidone; Evans blue 5% w/v;
tetrazolium chloride (TTC).
3
Methods
3.1
Surgery
1. All procedures are conducted in conformity with the institu-
tional guidelines that are in compliance with national and
international laws and policies.
2. Anesthesia is induced in a small chamber at 5% isoflurane in
oxygen and animals are quickly moved from the chamber to
the operating table for tracheal intubation.
3. Anesthesia is maintained with isoflurane 1.5% in oxygen under
mechanical ventilation with a ventilator (tidal volume
8-10 mL/kg; 120 strokes/min for the mouse and 70 strokes/
min for the rat) through the endotracheal cannula.
4. The left anterior descending coronary artery is ligated with a
7-O silk (Ethicon) suture after exteriorization of the heart
through a small opening at the fourth-intercostal space.
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