Artificial Multicellular Assemblies from Cells Interfaced with Polymers and Nanomaterials - Cell Surface Engineering: Fabrication of Functional Nanoshells - page 180

d n 8 y 4 n g | 2

Figure 9.10 Principles of the bioprinting technology. (a) Scheme of layer-by-layer

tissue speroid deposition and tissue-fusion process in the bioassem-
bly of tubular tissue construct using the method of bioprinting of
the self-assembled tissue spheroids. (b) 3D dispensing laboratory
bioprinter-''LBP''.
Reproduced with permission from Ref. 76 Copyright 2009 Elsevier.

bioprinters (see Figure 9.10b). The LbL tissue spheroid deposition combined
with the tissue fusion process (Figure 9.10a) will enable a solid scaffold-free
organ printing process. 76
Brandy et al. produced the multicellular structure of yeast cells template
on air bubbles suspended in aqueous solution which remarkably resemble
the fossilized multicellular structures are believed to be one of the first
nonmarine multicellular organisms discovered in ancient river sediments. 42
Fakhrullin et al. and Brandy et al. envisaged that similar pathway of for-
mation of clusters from primitive unicellular micro-organisms on mineral
particles might have been responsible for the origin of multicellular life in
Nature. 23-25

.

Acknowledgements
Anupam Das appreciates financial support from the University of Hull for
his PhD study. Vesselin Paunov acknowledges partial support from EU COST
action CM1101 for the preparation of this manuscript. This work was par-
tially (RFF) funded by the subsidy of the Russian Government to support the
Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University among the
World's Leading Academic Centres. Rawil F. Fakhrullin acknowledges the
funding by RFBR 12-03-93939-G8, RFBR 12-04-33290_mol_ved_a and RFBR
14-04-01474_a grants.

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