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(a)
21
22
(b)
23
24
(c)
(d)
25
26
27
Figure 16.7
(a)-(c) Palladium sensors or chemodosimeters developed by Peng's
group. Adapted from Refs 46, 47 and 48, respectively. (d) Palladium
indicator developed by Niu's group. Reproduced with permission from
Ref. 49. Copyright 2013 Springer-Verlag.
rapidly to form the green fluorescent complex 26. They applied this fluori-
metric method to the quantification of palladium in environmental samples
and compared the results with those obtained by ICP-AES, which gave
satisfactory agreement.
48
Compound 27 [Figure 16.7(d)], developed by Niu's
group, was used to detect Pd
2+
and may also react similarly to 23.
49
Zeng and co-workers developed a closely related approach to the detection
of Pd
2+
.
50
The non-fluorescent compound 28 (Figure 16.8) formed the pal-
ladium complex 29, generating the fully conjugated fluorescent structure.
This complex then rearranged to the more stable 30. The detection limit was
stated to be 1.49 nM, although it is not known how this limit was calculated.
Both 25 and 28 exploited Pd-P binding as an additional interaction. It has
not yet been determined how the phosphine tolerates real-world samples
containing other transition metals or oxidants.
Bai's group developed two on-off chemosensors for Pd
2+
(Figure 16.9).
51,52
The first, polymer 31, bound to Pd
2+
and the resulting complex was less
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