Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to New Trends in
Cross-Coupling
CARIN C. C. JOHANSSON SEECHURN,
a
ANDREW DEANGELIS
b
AND THOMAS J. COLACOT*
b
a
Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, Orchard Road,
Royston, SG8 5HE, UK;
b
Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral
Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, NJ 08066, USA
*Email: thomas.colacot@jmusa.com
1.1 Importance of Cross-Coupling in Homogeneous
Catalysis
Transition metal-catalyzed reactions play a vital role in the production of
many industrially important chemicals, where homogeneous catalysis
(reactions that take place in the same phase as the catalyst) is rapidly
growing, as evidenced by the awarding of three distinct Nobel Prizes in
Chemistry during the last decade - chiral catalysis (2001; Noyori, Sharpless
and Knowles),
1
olefin metathesis (2005; Grubbs, Chauvin and Schrock)
2
and
cross-coupling [2010; Heck (Figure 1.1), Suzuki (Figure 1.2) and Negishi
(Figure 1.3)].
3
The field of cross-coupling, well dominated by homogeneous
catalysis, has undoubtedly turned into an area appreciated by all synthetic
chemists, irrespective of their prominence in academia or industry.
Recently, heterogeneous catalysis (reactions that take place in a different
phase than the catalyst) has also been used for simple cross-coupling
reactions, relying on metal leaching to mediate the desired reaction. How-
ever, the leached metal must subsequently be readsorbed in order not to
