Transition Metal-Catalyzed Formation of C–O and C–S Bonds - New Trends in Cross-Coupling: Theory and Applications - page 272

The development of copper complexes as catalysts in carbon-oxygen and
carbon-sulfur bond formations has also progressed in recent years, as
catalyst designers continue to focus on more cost-effective metals. Alter-
native, cheap metal complexes that currently have minor roles in catalyzing
carbon-sulfur bond formation reactions include manganese, cobalt and
nickel. Although palladium catalysts continue to provide the broadest sub-
strate scope for both carbon-oxygen and carbon-sulfur bond-formation re-
actions, future catalyst design centered around non-precious metals should
allow for the replacement of palladium as the catalyst of choice for these
important transformations.
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