Atomically Precise Gold Catalysis - Atomically-Precise Methods for Synthesis of Solid Catalysts - page 110

Table 4.1 Recent investigations on magnetism in gold clusters/nanoparticles.

Gold clusters/
nanoparticles

Magnetic
property Ligand Ref.

Au 2 and Au 3 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Paramagnetic 113

d n 9 r 4 n g | 7

Au 11 ( B 1.4 nm) Triphenylphosphine Diamagnetic 114

Au 18 Glutathione Paramagnetic 115

Au 25 (neutral) Phenylethylthiol Paramagnetic 83

Au 25 (biicosahedral) Triphenylphosphine Diamagnetic 83

Au 38 Phenylethylthiol Diamagnetic 83

Au 55 Triphenylphosphine Ferromagnetic 83

Au 25 (anionic) Phenylethylthiol Non-magnetic 99

Au 25 (neutral) Phenylethylthiol Paramagnetic 99

12 nm particles Dodecanethiol Diamagnetic 116

5 nm Dodecanethiol Super-

paramagnetic

116

2 nm particles Glutathione Paramagnetic 117

4 nm particles Glutathione Paramagnetic 117

1.9 nm particles Dodecanethiol Ferromagnetic 109

2 nm organosol Dodecanethiol Ferromagnetic 118

6.7 nm Oleic acid and oleylamine Ferromagnetic 119

1.4 nm Dodecanethiol Ferromagnetic 92

1.5 nm and 5 nm Tetraoctyl ammonium bromide Diamagnetic 92

2 nm and 5 nm Tiopronin Paramagnetic 120

2 nm Dodecanethiol Ferromagnetic 120

2.1 nm Triphenylphosphine Ferromagnetic 114

1.9 nm PAAHC (polyallyl amine

hydrochloride)

Ferromagnetic 121

1.7 nm Azobenzene-thiol Ferromagnetic 122,123

5 nm Azobenzene-thiol Diamagnetic 122

2.0 nm Dodecanethiol Ferromagnetic 124

.

2.3 nm Octanethiol Ferromagnetic 124

2.5 nm Tiopronin Paramagnetic 124

1.9 nm Octanethiol/11-thioundecanoic

acid

Ferromagnetic 124

3.5 nm (Without ligand) Ferromagnetic 81

14.8 nm (Without ligand) Ferromagnetic 125

2.1 Dodecanethiol Paramagnetic 77

2.2 nm Dodecanethiol Diamagnetic 77

3.5 nm Dodecanethiol Diamagnetic 77

2.5 nm PVP Ferromagnetic 126

2 nm Dodecanethiol Ferromagnetic 127

2.5 nm Tiopronin Paramagnetic 127

3-4 nm Dodecanethiol/polyethylene Ferromagnetic 128

2.1 nm Dodecanethiol Ferromagnetic 129

1.5 and 5 nm Tetraoctyl ammonium bromide Diamagnetic 127

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the size-dependent mag-
netic properties of bare gold nanoparticles found that sizes with an even
number of electrons have magnetic ground states of variable multi-
plicity. 84,85 These states are symmetry-breaking variants of the closed-shell
singlet responsible for the diamagnetic behavior of bulk gold. In systems
having an odd number of electrons, the (doublet) ground state is magnetic