Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Examples:
1
2
O
2
(g);
ZnO
Zn
i
[Zn
i
]
P
1/2
O
2
(5.33)
or
Zn
i
;
[Zn
i
]
Zn(g)
P
Zn
(5.34)
ZrO
2
O
2
(g)
2V
O
Zr
Zr
;[V
O
]
P
1/2
O
2
(5.35)
or
Zr(g)
Zr
Zr
2V
O
;[V
O
]
P
1/2
Zr(g)
(5.36)
Metal-Deficient Oxides
1
2
O
2
(g)
O
O
V
x
M
;
V
x
M
]
P
1/2
O
2
(5.37)
or
1
2
O
2
(g)
O
i
;[O
i
]
P
1/2
O
2
(5.38)
or
M
x
M
M(g)
V
x
M
;[V
x
M
]
P
M
(5.39)
Examples:
1
2
O
2
2[V
Cu
];
[V
Cu
]
P
1/4
O
2
Cu
2
O
(5.40)
or
Cu
2
O
2Cu(g)
O
O
2V
Cu
;[V
Cu
]
P
1
Cu(g)
(5.41)
Similarly,
1
2
O
2
V
Ni
;[V
Ni
]
P
1/2
O
2
NiO
(5.42)
or
NiO
Ni(g)
O
O
V
Ni
;[V
Ni
]
P
1
Ni(g)
(5.43)
Regarding dependence of nonstoichiometry on oxygen pressures or metal pres-
sures, one may conclude that nonstoichiometry increases with increase of oxygen
