Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 4.22
Avoiding vapor pockets in piping system by use of a valve.
sites of corrosion attack. The vapor pockets may be avoided by suitable
use of vent lines. Figure 4.22 illustrates this.
9.
Avoid hot spots
. In heat exchangers and heat transfer devices, design should
ensure uniform temperature gradients. Nonuniform temperature distribution
produces local heating and such hot spots may lead to rupture. SCC may
also be encountered due to the development of local thermal stresses along
with local increase in the concentration of damaging species.
10.
Exclude air
. Since air provides oxygen, the effective cathodic depolarizer,
air is to be excluded whenever possible. This is particularly recommended
for chemical process equipment.
REFERENCES
1.
Mars G. Fontana,
Corrosion Engineering
, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987.
2.
Herbert H. Uhlig,
Corrosion and Corrosion Control
, 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons,
New York, 1971.
3.
Denny A. Jones,
Principles and Prevention of Corrosion
, Macmillan, New York,
1992.
4.
John O'M Bockris and Amulya K. N. Reddy,
Modern Electrochemistry
, Vols. 1
and 2, Plenum Press, New York, 1973.
5.
L. L. Shrier (ed.),
Corrosion
, Vols. 1 and 2, Newness-Butterworths, Sevenoaks,
Kent, England, 1976.
6.
B. E. Wilde,
Passivity and Its Breakdown in Iron Base Alloys
, NACE, Houston,
1976.
7.
NACE Basic Corrosion Course, NACE, Houston, 1971.
8.
N. D. Tomashov,
Theory of Corrosion and Protection of Metals
, Macmillan, New
York, 1966.
9.
J. H. Morgan,
Cathodic Protection
, Leonard Hills [Books] Ltd., London, 1959.
10.
P. Markus and J. Oudon,
Corrosion Mechanics in Theory and Practice
, Marcel Dek-
ker, New York, 1995.
