ORNAMENTAL PLANTS - Pruning for Flowers and Fruit - page 105

Figure 4.78 Remove competing leaders so that the symmetry of the plant is not harmed. Remove wayward branches
from their point of origin.
Figure 4.79 Reduce the height and thin the canopy of trees and shrubs by pruning to a lower crotch or branch junction.
This sort of pruning can reduce the shade produced as well as minimise wind resistance.