Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
an established method, preferably using an international standard, 20 and envisaging
implementation of a periodic self-evaluation system by using data collected through
monitoring. 21
The 2012 Guidelines identify a number of efficiency measures and suggest that
all parties involved should consider the inclusion of these measures in their
operations. These efficiency measures include fuel-efficient operations measures
such as improved voyage planning, weather routing, just in time, speed optimiza-
tion, optimized shaft power, as well as optimized ship handling techniques. These
techniques include optimum trim, optimum ballast, optimum propeller and propel-
ler inflow considerations. The guidelines also raise other issues for energy effi-
ciency, such as those concerning hull maintenance, propulsion system, propulsion
system maintenance, waste heat recovery, improved fleet management, improved
cargo handling, energy management and fuel type, age and operational service life
of a ship, trade and sailing area. 22 The guidelines further encourage the “[d]
evelopment of computer software for the calculation of fuel consumption, for the
establishment of an emissions “footprint”, to optimize operations, and the estab-
lishment of goals for improvement and tracking of progress may be considered”. 23
They also suggest on-board application of renewable energy sources as well as the
feasibility of wind assisted propulsion. 24
The amendment of the MARPOL Convention makes SEEMP compulsory for
every vessel and also provides that the “SEEMP shall be developed taking into
account guidelines adopted by the IMO”. 25 The Convention obligates ship-owners
to take into account the guidelines adopted by the IMO, but does not make it
compulsory to follow those guidelines. This leaves a broad discretion to ship-
owners to decide what measures to adopt for ensuring energy efficiency. Although
SEEMP is mandatory, it does not impose a specific energy-efficiency target for
ships or companies.
6.2.2 EEDI
On the other hand, EEDI imposes binding obligations to reduce GHG emissions
from ships by introducing a minimum energy efficiency level per capacity mile for
different ship types and size segments. EEDI provisions are applicable to new
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 MARPOL 73/78, Annex VI Reg. 22.
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