Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
integrated design approach are drawn. Opportunities for learning basic so-
cial science concepts and participatory principles do not generally form
part of the curriculum for computer scientists and engineers. Yet the appli-
cations which they design have significant human and social implications.
Excellent multi-media tools are now available which could support educa-
tion and training in concepts and approaches relevant to citizen engage-
ment. Designers, developers and providers would all benefit from learning
these. Experiential and immersive techniques (see Chapter 9 for examples)
offer powerful means of promoting rapid learning regarding perspectives
of people in different roles and circumstances.
Action Points: Steps 1-4
1.
Mobilize for change: identify 'change champions' who rec-
ognise the need for change in the design approach in the or-
ganisation - appoint one as a leader for the change process.
2.
Identify relevant key people and consult to make changes to
job descriptions/terms of reference to include citizen en-
gagement activities and responsibilities.
3.
Develop and deliver learning opportunities (desirably using
experiential learning techniques) for senior people.
4.
Develop and deliver awareness and education programmes
(e.g. in social science concepts) and, where appropriate, op-
portunity for skills acquisition in citizen engagement (e.g.
facilitation) for middle management and staff members in-
cluding ICT design/development staff.
8.2.3 Integrating Citizen Engagement with ICT Design Methods
Participation/engagement of citizens in ICT design needs to occur through-
out the development cycle. Citizens should be involved early in decisions,
when ideas are still at the vision stage, “
before political interests and pro-
fessional input dominate debate
” (Demos 2004). It therefore needs to be
planned carefully in relation to the design methods currently in use in the
organisation concerned. It may well be the case that those undertaking an
ICT development project are following one of the many available method-
ologies, some of which are mentioned in Chapter 2. In some cases (such as
in the UK public sector) there is often a formal requirement to follow a
particular methodology. This may specify citizen/user involvement activities
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