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in society to have some influence over decisions made on their behalf and
in shaping their futures.
Thus, the model provides a strong foundation to inform the direction
and formulation of citizen participation/engagement exercises and initia-
tives. It also provides improved criteria for systematic monitoring and
evaluation of their effectiveness. Above all we hope that clearer identifica-
tion of the processes, benefits, and far-reaching rewards emerging from
practice on an international basis, serves to inspire widespread citizen en-
gagement in society.
In the next chapter, we explore the barriers which have prevented wide-
spread adoption of a participative approach to the design of ICT systems
and services, and propose an integrated conceptual framework for ICT de-
sign.
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