Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4
Nanopartic
les to Cross Biological Barriers
Thomas Moore, Elizabeth Graham, Brandon Mattix, Frank Alexis
CONTENTS
Abstract ................................................................................................................... 85
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 86
Clinical Impact of NPDDS ................................................................................... 87
Crossing Epithelial Barriers ................................................................................. 88
Pulmonary Delivery ......................................................................................... 89
Transmucosal Delivery .................................................................................... 91
Transdermal Delivery ...................................................................................... 94
Long-Circulating NPs ........................................................................................... 98
Tissue Diffusion: Effect of Size, Charge, and Shape ....................................... 100
Cellular Interactions and Uptake: Size, Charge, and Kinetics ...................... 102
Intracellular vs. Extracellular Drug Delivery .................................................. 104
Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 107
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 108
References ............................................................................................................. 108
KEY TERMS:
Drug delivery, pulmonary delivery, oral delivery, nasal
delivery, transdermal delivery, circulation time, biodistribution, excretion,
blood-brain barrier
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticle delivery systems have the potential to significantly
impact the treatment of cancer. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems offer the
ability to design a delivery vehicle that maximizes the therapeutic index of a
drug encapsulated into nanoparticles (NPs), target it to cancerous tissue, and
release it in a controlled manner for optimal dosing. This chapter describes
the barriers associated with various delivery routes, specifically tissue, cel-
lular, and molecular. Nanoparticle delivery approaches across tissue barriers
85
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