Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Advantages and Disadvantages of Delivery Route
Delivery Route
Advantages
Disadvantages
Reference
Intravenous
•Rapid bioavailability
•Conventional method of sustained drug delivery
•Pain associated with injection site
•Precipitation of solubilized drug due to phase
separation of drug formulation
•Inlammation of vein walls
•Renal and hepatic clearance
[222]
Pulmonary
•High available surface area for particle absorption
•Rapid bioavailability
•Rapid onset of pharmacological activity
•Low enzymatic activity
•Reduced irst-pass hepatic clearance
•Pulmonary macrophage clearance
•Dificulty controlling particle deposition in the airway
•Links discovered between microparticle-borne
pulmonary delivery and occurrence of cancer in
former smokers
[73, 74, 77]
Nasal
•Porous endothelial basement membrane provides
favorable for particle diffusion
•Rapid onset of pharmacological activity
•Low enzymatic degradation
•Reduced irst-pass hepatic clearance
•Possible loss of olfaction in parts of the nasal passage
•Relatively small surface area for absorption
[93]
Orogastric
•Non-invasive
•Improved patient compliance
•No technical equipment required
•Self-administration and increased convenience of
“home-based” therapy c
•Enzymatic degradation
•Low bioavailability due to degradation in the stomach
•Low diffusivity across the intestinal epithelium
[66]
Orotransmucosal •Non-invasive
•Improved patient compliance
•Delivers to highly vascularized tissue
•Bypass gastrointestinal tract metabolism and irst-pass
hepatic clearance
•No technical equipment required
•Hydrophobic/hydrophilic barriers of the oral mucosa.
Enzymatic degradation
•wAbsorption variable
[70]
Transdermal
•Minimized pain relative to needle-mediated delivery
•Improved patient compliance
•Reduced irst-pass hepatic clearance
•Impermeability of the skin as a biological barrier
•May require chemical/physical methods to improve
diffusivity through the epidermis
[107, 108]
Search WWH ::
Custom Search