MARKETS AND DETERMINANTS OF FOOD PRICES - Food Security, Food Prices and Climate Variability - page 100

TABLE 5.2 Mechanisms of transmission of global commodity prices and market status to the impact on the individual

World  Country  Household

Underlying conditions Data - at border Underlying conditions Data - domestic Underlying conditions Data (adult) Data (child)

Food system: trade,
transport,
processing

Border food prices Food system,

transport, trade
and processing

Cost of food at
household level

Food consumption
and substitution
patterns

Dietary diversity Quantity and quality

of food intake

Global cereal prices
(maize, rice,
wheat)

Trade restrictions
tariffs and taxes

Food policies:
subsidies and
history

Food subsidies and
taxes

Division of food in
family

Nutritional levels

Exchange rates Access to

commercial ports

Factors in food
markets:
availability of
land, use of
agricultural inputs

Availability of food
production inputs

Food production,
access to land and
inputs

Food production for
own
consumption/sale

Access to health care
and education

Supply and demand
for non-food

Cost of other goods Income generation

patterns

Employment, wages,
conditions

Child labor

World markets -
fuel, commodities,
labor

Labor markets:
formal and
informal
employment

Income generation
opportunities

Investment in
education, health
care system,
childcare

Spending on non-
food

Living and eating at
home or
elsewhere

Transportation
networks and fuel
availability

Education costs Family, social and

community
relationships

Savings and debts Future health and

livelihood
prospects

Patterns of migration
and remittances

Government iscal
position

Financial services Health and water

services

Household assets:
land, natural
resources, goods

Inter-household
transfers and loans

Sense of
empowerment
and well-being

Foreign exchange Government services

and budget

Social transfers Time and

expenditure on
water and
sanitation

Social support
programs and
history

Household and
individual assets

Previous levels of
wealth and assets,
equity

Income from
transfers

Source : derived from Compton et al. , 2010.