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complicated and intractable this problem remains. It is rather fitting that
one of the leading commercial systems for CNT growth produced by Aixtron,
AG, is called Black Magic, reflecting on the near-alchemical status of the
process. Nevertheless, progress in understanding and controlling CNT
growth has been remarkable. Researchers now rely on growth enhancers and
in-line gas purifiers to achieve high yields and a high reproducibility of CNT
growth. Another remarkable achievement has been to understand and
control the evolution of CNT growth catalysts. Today, the CNT growth
catalysts are much more reliable and last a lot longer than the catalysts used
a decade ago. Another achievement from the past five years of CNT research
was the realization that efforts to improve growth yield and quality should be
squarely focused on catalyst evolution and treatment. Still, the goal of pro-
ducing an ''endless'' carbon nanotube remains elusive, and does not seem to
be anywhere near being attainable. But today's CNT growers, armed with
sophisticated growth reactors and catalyst treatment techniques, are getting
close to the goal of producing CNT arrays required for the commercial ap-
plications of CNT materials.
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Acknowledgements
Parts of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation NIRT
CBET-0709090 (JBI) and the U. S. Department of Energy, Oce of Basic
Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (AN). Work
at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Oce of Science, Oce of
Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231. Part of the work was performed under the auspices
of the U. S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
.
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