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Figure 8.4 Energy band diagram of a PEC cell for water splitting composed of (a) an
n-type semiconductor (photoanode) (b) a p-type semiconductor (photo-
cathode) (c) n-type and p-type semiconductors (photoanode and photo-
cathode).
Reproduced with permission from ref. 30.
.
Figure 8.5 Band positions of several semiconductors in contact with aqueous
electrolyte at pH 1. The energy level is indicated using the NHE (normal
hydrogen electrode) as a reference.
Reproduced with permission from ref. 12. (Copyright 2001, NPG.)
negative value is located in the upper position. To exclude the external bias,
PEC/PV tandem cells
26,27
or PEC cells consisting of a semiconductor pho-
toanode and a semiconductor photocathode have been explored.
28
As for the
latter, each semiconductor electrode absorbs photons simultaneously and
minority carriers (holes at the anode and electrons at the cathode) are used
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