Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Endosulfan
: Endosulfan, one of the most environmentally safe organochlorine insecti-
cides, on photodegradation undergoes cleavage of the sulfite ester group to produce diol,
ether, and lactone, and there is a dechlorination from the double bond to form pentachlo-
roendosulfan and tetrachloroendosulfan. The photodegradation of endosulfan is rapid
under ultraviolet light.
Cl
Cl
O
O
CCl
S = O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
O
O
OH
OH
CCl
S = O
CCl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
OH
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
O
O
CCl
CCl
CCl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Fenarimol
: (±)2,4′-Dichloro-α-(pyrimidine-5yl) benzhydryl alcohol, a broad-spectrum
fungicide, by photodegradation in aqueous alcoholic solution, produces the following
compounds.
Cl
OH
Cl
Cl
uv
uv
COOH
Cl
C
Cl
C
C
O O
N
N
Sunlight
Cl
Cl
C
Cl
COOH
O
Chlorothalonil
: 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, a broad-spectrum fungicide, on photo-
transformation in ethanolic solution under UV irradiation (λ ~ 200 nm) produces three
products, which might be formed due to cleavage of 4-Cl-C bond followed by alkylation
of α-radicals (Kwon and Armbrust 2006).
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