Pesticide Residues in Birds and Mammals - Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution - page 438

TABLE 14.5 (Continued)
Concentrations of Selected First and Second Anticoagulant Rodenticides Detected in the Livers of Wild Birds Across the World

N
Positive Species Country N Brodifacoum Bromadiolone Chlorophacinone Coumatetralyl Difenacoum Difethialone Diphacinone Warfarin Source

Strix varia Canada 25 23 0.074

(0.001-0.927)

0.084
(0.002-1.012)

0.0043
(0.0025-0.015)

— — 0.003

(0.0025-0.017)

0.010
(0.010-0.012)

0.0026
(0.0025-
0.005)

Albert et
al. (2010)

Tadorna variegata New

Zealand

4 4 0.56

(0.24-0.80)

— — — — — — — Eason et

al. (2002)

Tyto alba United

Kingdom

145 15 0.180

(0.019-0.515)

— — — 0.036

(0.005-0.106)

— — — Newton et

al. (1990)

Tyto alba Canada 78 48 0.027

(0.01-0.47)

0.020
(0.005-0.72)

— — — 0.019

(0.0025-0.72)

0.010
(0.010-0.02)

0.0025
(0.0025-
0.008)

Albert et
al. (2010)

Tyto alba United

Kingdom

62 39 0.093

(0.004-0.911)

0.044
(0.004-0.396)

0.007 (0.004-0.009) 0.033 0.032

(0.003-0.127)

— — — Walker et

al. (2010)

Turdus merula — — — — — — — Eason et

al. (2002)
Values are arithmetic means (and/or range), otherwise stated (* = median, ** = geometric mean), of positive cases and are expressed as μg/g WW. Animals studied
were usually found dead or moribund in the wild, or captured, and, in some cases, a diagnosis of anticoagulant poisoning was made.

New
Zealand

7 7 0.55

(0.01-1.10)