Pesticide Residues in Fish - Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution - page 372

TABLE 13.4
Estimated Daily Intake of Organochlorine Pesticides Consumed by Humans with the Fish from
the Lower Oder River

EDI ADI

Pesticides MCM (ng/g ww) (ng/kg bw per day) (% ADI) (ng/kg bw per day)

α-HCH 0.222 0.056 — No ADI

β-HCH 0.317 0.079 — No ADI

γ-HCH 0.335 0.089 0.0018 0-5000 a

Heptachlor — — — 0-100 b

Heptachlor epoxide — — — No ADI

Aldrin 0.232 0.058 0.074 0-100 b

Dieldrin 0.180 0.045 0.057
Endrin 0.306 0.077 0.097 0-200 c
Source: From Tomza-Marciniak, A. and Witczak, A. 2010. Distribution of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in
water and fish from the Oder River, Poland. Acta Ichthyol. Piscatoria 40(1): 1-9.
MCM, mean concentration in fish muscles; EDI, mean concentration in fish muscles × fish consumption (g per
day) per Kg body weight (60 kg); ADI, acceptable daily intake.
a ADI recommended in 2002 by JMPR ( Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues ).
b ADI recommended in 1991; as sum of aldrin and dieldrin.
c ADI recommended in 1971.

concentration in fish organs of four big fish species was found in the brain of the silver
carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ), 289.26 ng/g ww, followed by the kidney, liver, heart,
and gill. Among the OCPs analyzed, DDE, γ-HCH, and heptachlor were the predominant
contaminants in the fish muscle, which indicated that there was recent input of lindane.
A significant correlation was observed between concentrations of DDTs and lipid content
as well as between OCPs and lipid contents in fish species. Both field water bioconcentra-
tion factors (BCF) and sediment BCF showed a positive correlation with octanol-water
partition coefficients (K ow ) in the sole fish. The values of log BCFs were from 1.5 to 3.4 for
fish gonads and from 1.3 to 3.1 for fish muscles. Zhou et al. (2007) reported log BCF val-
ues higher than 3 for HCH isomers in the muscles of freshwater fish. Pandit et al. (2006)
obtained similar results in studies on bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides in the
coastal marine environment of Mumbai. Assuming that, in 2007, a statistical Polish con-
sumer ate about 5.4 kg of fish (Anonymous 2008), the total daily intake of the examined
pesticides from fish averaged at 0.41 ng/kg body weight. EDI values obtained in this study
were lower than that reported in the literature. According to Sun et al. (2006), the EDI for
dieldrin was 70.45%-93.56% of ADI. Zhou et al. (2008) reported that estimated daily intake
(EDI) of HCH isomers through shellfish by humans was 5.83 ng/kg body wt/day (ten
times higher than EDI).
The common paddy fish, Trichogaster pectoralis Regan, is a major source of protein for
many Malaysian farmers. Daily fish consumption varies between 54 and 205 g, and is a
function of the availability of fish (Chen 1982). For example, fish are harvested once per
season at Tanjung Piandang, and the daily estimated fish intake at that site is only 54 g. At
Sungai Burong and Parit Tanjung Piandang, however, fish are caught twice weekly, and
the daily fish consumption is 173 and 205 g, respectively. Farmers from the remaining two
sites, Sungai Kota and Jalan Bharu, indicated that fish were collected once every 1-4 weeks
and hence fish consumption there is intermediate. Several common pesticides were found
in the fish obtained from different sites at varying concentrations. The highest average
pesticide residues were observed in fish from Tanjung Piandang, and these concentrations