Pesticide Residues in Aquatic Invertebrates - Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution - page 331

TABLE 11.5
Summary List of Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroid on Aquatic Invertebrates

Taxonomy of
Species Pesticide Name Species Test End Point References

Cypermethrin,
alphamethrin

Lymnaea acuminata Phylum

Mollusca

Reproduction and
oxidative metabolism

Tripathi and Singh
(2004)

Bifenthrin, cyfluthrin,
and permethrin

Hemigrapsus
oregonensis and
Pachygrapsus
crassipes

Phylum
Arthropoda

Embryos Smalling et al. (2010)

Lambda-cyhalothrin Caridina laevis Phylum

Arthropoda

24- and 96-h LC 50 Sucahyo et al. (2008)

Lambda-cyhalothrin Macrobrachium

nipponense

Phylum
Arthropoda

96-h LC 50 Wang et al. (2007)

Deltamethrin,
cyfluthrin, and
cypermethrin

Procambarus clarkii Phylum

Arthropoda

24- and 48-h LC 50 Morolli et al. (2006)

Lambda-cyhalothrin Daphnia magna Phylum

Arthropoda

48-h LC 50 Barata et al. (2006)

Cypermethrin Daphnia magna Phylum

Arthropoda

Behavior (feeding and
swimming)

Christensen et al.
(2005)

Bifenthrin, cyfluthrin,
cypermethrin,
deltamethrin,
esfenvalerate,
lambda-cyhalothrin,
and permethrin

Hyalella azteca Phylum

Arthropoda

LC 50 Weston et al. (2005)

Lambda-cyhalothrin Daphnia galeata Phylum

Arthropoda

48-h LC 50 Schroer et al . (2004)

Cypermethrin Daphnia spp . Phylum

Arthropoda

Population, no effect
concentration (NEC),
and median effect
concentration (EC 50 )

Friberg-Jensen et al.
(2003)

Bifenthrin,
cypermethrin,
permethrin

Simulium vittatum ,
Hydropsyche and
Cheumatopsyche spp.,
Heptageniidae,
Enallagma and
Ischnura spp.,
Hydrophilus spp.

Phylum
Arthropoda

24-h LC 50 Siegfried (1993)

Cypermethrin,
cis -cypermethrin,
deltamethrin, and
fenvalerate

Culex spp. and Aedes
spp.

Phylum
Arthropoda

LC 50 Anderson (1989)

Fenvalerate Culex pipiens (larvae) Phylum

Arthropoda

LC 50 Coats et al. (1989)

CMs affect the nervous system of aquatic organisms and have similar target sites in aquatic
invertebrates. Due to their high toxicity, the mortality rate is often the first noticeable effect
in aquatic organisms. In contrast, synthetic pyrethroids have a low toxicity to mammals.
However, many aquatic organisms are highly sensitive to synthetic pyrethroids, and even
low concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids, in vitro and in vivo, are capable of killing
aquatic invertebrates at ppb levels.