Pesticide Residues in Aquatic Invertebrates - Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution - page 329

TABLE 11.2
Summary List of Toxicity of Organochlorine on Aquatic Invertebrates

Taxonomy
Classification
of Species Pesticide Name Species Test End Point References

DDT, Dicofol, endosulfan,
and lindane

Brachionus calyciflorus Phylum Rotifera Reproduction Xi et al. (2007)

Aldrin Brachionus calyciflorus Phylum Rotifera Embryonic

development

Huang et al.
(2007)

Hexachlorobenzene, α-, β-,
and γ-HCHs
(hexachlorocyclohexanes),
DDT and derivatives

Dreissena polymorpha Phylum Mollusca Enzyme

activities and
DNA

Faria et al. (2010)

Hexachlorocyclohexane,
DDE, DDD, and DDT

Potamopyrgus
antipodarum

Phylum Mollusca Reproductive

ability

Mazurova et al.
(2008)

DDT Dreissena polymorpha Phylum Mollusca Reproductive

ability

Binelli et al. (2004)

DDT Metapenaeus

monoceros

Phylum
Arthropoda

Behavioral and
enzyme activity

Tu et al. (2010)

OCPs Hemigrapsus

oregonensis and
Pachygrapsus
crassipes

Phylum
Arthropoda

Embryos Smalling et al.

(2010)

Chlordane Daphnia magna Phylum

Arthropoda

24-, 48-h LC 50 21
day NOEC
Reproduction

Manar et al. (2009)

Endosulfan Caridina laevis Phylum

Arthropoda

Sucahyo et al.
(2008)

24-, 96-h LC 50

Chlordane, DDT, and
lindane

Penaeus vannamei Phylum

Arthropoda

48-h LC 50 and
glycogen

Reyes et al.
(1996a,b)

Lindane Limnephilus lunatus Phylum

Arthropoda

96-h LC 50 and
chronic

Schulz and Liess
(1995)

magna was 0.39 μg/L (Barata et al. 2006) and 0.04 μg/L for D. galeata (Schroer et al. 2004).
This indicates that synthetic pyrethroids are hazardous to aquatic crustaceans. Tables 11.2
through 11.5 are summaries of organochlorine, organophosphorus, CM, and synthetic pyre-
throid pesticides, respectively.

11.3 Conclusion
Although most aquatic invertebrates are nontarget organisms, studies have shown that
aquatic invertebrates are highly sensitive to pesticides. While OCPs have been banned in
many countries, OCP residues are still detected in aquatic invertebrates. An important
characteristic of OCPs is biological magnification in the food chain. In biomagnification,
aquatic invertebrates are not directly affected by pesticides. However, other nontarget
organisms are exposed to pesticides through the food web. Both organophosphates and